A Review of Citizen Participation Issues, Responses, and Prospects for Reform in Local Development Councils

The article conducts a review of citizen participation in local governance within the context of the local development councils (LDCs). It argues that the Local Government Code has prescribed citizen participation with a limited set of standards, namely, the 25% civil society membership in the LDC and the administrative indicators of activities that the LDC must perform. The Code and subsequent LGU performance measures it influenced have insufficiently addressed the roles to play and capacities needed by civil society to realize higher levels of citizen participation in the LDCs. Moving forward, the study takes stock of citizen participation initiatives that make explicit the roles and capacities of civil society organizations in local decision making and draws lessons to suggest prospects for deepening and increasing citizen participation in LDCs. The article ends with a note that citizen participation should be in the core agenda of proposed amendments in the Code.

Title of the text:
A Review of Citizen Participation Issues, Responses, and Prospects for Reform in Local Development Councils

Author of the text:
CZARINA MEDINA-GUCE AND ANA MARTHA GALINDES

Title of the journal:
Philippine Journal of Public Administration

URL or Web Address:
http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pjpa/article/view/6646

Main Idea:
The main idea of the text shows review of citizens participation in local governance  within the context of the local development councils (LDCs).

Evidence:
Executive Director, Institute for Leadership, Empowerment and Democracy (ILEAD); and Communication and Partnerships Associate, ILEAD, respectively. The authors would like to thank the following persons who have been instrumental in the data gathering and insight mining process for this research: Mr. Genixon David, Mr. Robert Sanders and the DILG Project Management Office team (Mr. Glenn Miranda, Mr. DP Santos, and Mr. Ivan Sumilang), headed by Mr. Richard Villacorte. We also deeply acknowledge DILG Undersecretary Austere Panadero for the years of guidance and inspiration towards achieving genuine local autonomy in the Philippines.

-This article is important because it shows on how people react, participate and response to a particular issues or problem in local governance. We people create government so we are the particular point on how our government works. We just need to participate to improve our local government because participating is just sharing or engaging a knowledge on how our government works.

The Life and Times of Colonel Antonino Buenaventura (1904-1996) 1998 National Artist for Music

Among the nationalistic artists of the twentieth century, Colonel Buenaventura stands as one of those who, before World War II, brought prestige to the Philippines with its rich source of talent. Moreover, Buenaventura stands among other great Filipino composers as the one who perhaps wrote the most number of tone-poems and symphonic band music. His compositional innovations which include the use of folk music materials and combining it with Western compositional devices or norms are two essential factors which brought forth a “new” distinctly Filipino sound. At the time when Western classical music and forms was the center of the Philippines’ musical tradition, Buenaventura introduced the idea of using Philippine folk music material into a form which was basically Western. The concept was to retain the folk melodic material as it was, then use in its accompaniment material Western music concepts on rhythm, melodic embellishments, chordal progressions and the like. It is this conceptual framework that consequently served as Buenaventura’s channel in conveying his nationalistic ideals and sentiments. Hence, significant to the understanding of Buenaventura’s compositional styles is to know of his influences as a person and a composer.

Title of the text:

The Life and Times of Colonel Antonino Buenaventura (1904-1996) 1998 National Artist for Music

Author of the text:

Edna Marcil “Michi” Martinez

Title of the journal:

Musika jornal

Url or Web Address:

http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/musika/article/view/5219

Main Idea:
The main idea of the text is all about colonel buenaventura who brought  prestige to the Philippines with his rich source of talent and buenaventura is one of the best composers as the one who perhaps wrote the most number of tone-poems and symphonic band music. 

Evidence:

Significant parts of this essay were lifted from this writer’s unpublished Master’s thesis – The Life and Music of Colonel Antonino Buenaventura : a Study of There Major Orchestral Works, submitted to the University of the Philippines College of Music in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Music in Musicology in 1995. Moreover, details in the biographical sketch were taken from interviews with the subject done from 1993-1994. The first of which was undertaken in 1993 by Dr. Elena RiveraMirano from the University of the Philippines College of Arts and Letters, then followed by several ones in 1994 by this writer. Antonino Buenaventura was born in May 4, 1904 and died in January 25, 1996, four months short of his 92nd birthday.

This article shows the life of colonel Antonino Buenaventura he is a great composer. In the side of being colonel we could never knew that this strong men loves music but by this article Colonel Antonino Buenaventura is a great composer before the world war 2 and he  brought prestige to the Philippines with its rich source of talent. So this shows how colonel Buenaventura became a great person not only in protecting in out country but also being a good model in the tribute of art in composing songs.

Women and Poverty

The Philippines has been recognized for its relatively high growth rates in recent years, which reached 6.4% in the second quarter of 2014. And it is such a good news for Filipino women and for all all Filipino people. According to the latest NSCB data(2012), 25.2% of the population are poor,higher than the past records like in 2009 22.6 million,2006 22.6 million, and 2003 19.8 million. The number of poor Filipino families actually increased.

Title of the text:

Women and Poverty

Author of the text:

Rowena Laguilles, Rosalinda Pineda Ofreneo, Mylene Hega, Mae Buenaventura, Zeena Manglinong, Rianne Riego & Zonia Narito

Title of the journal:

Review of women's studies

URL or Web Address:

http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/rws/article/view/6161

Main Idea:

The main idea of the text talks about the high growth rates in recent years, which reached 6.4% in the second quarter review of 2014 .

Evidence: 
This report is based on the inputs of Rowena Laguilles of the Department of Women and Development Studies, University of the Philippines College of Social Work and Community Development; Mylene Hega of Makalaya; Rianne Riego of the National Rural Women's Coalition or PKKK; Olive Parilla and Lourdes Gula of PATAMABA and Homenet; Zeena Manglinong and Mae Buenaventura of the Freedom from Debt Coalition Women and Gender Desk, and Zonia Narito of Wiseact. Rosalinda Pineda Ofreneo of DWDS, UP-CSWCD and Homenet also provided inputs while synthesizing and editing the report. 1 It must be noted that in 2008, the NSCB reported that 4,677,305 families and 27,616,888 persons nationwide were classified as ëpoorí. The method for measuring poverty was changed, resulting in lower incidence in 2009. The PSA (2014) reported an increase in poverty incidence from 24.16% in the first semester of 2013 to 25.8% in the first semester of                                                                                                       2014.

We choose this issue or article  cause we want to know more about women and poverty because we all know that women and poverty is one of the most problem or issue in the Philippines. Because of poverty many family are facing hunger. And because of poverty many problems are connected like drugs and crimes people sell drugs because they want to earn money and its a wrong way of earning next crimes people do crime because of such simple reason to get money for their family but it is still a wrong way of getting money. In this article we have know some information and we would like to earn some knowledge in how to deal with poverty and to educate our selves that this issue is not just a simple problem and its sad but truth.

Antonio J. Molina Beyond Affinity

Antonio J. Molina is one of the most respected musicians and composers that this country has ever produced. His exposure to music at an early age laid the foundation for his career as a musician, composer, conductor and music educator, musicologist and writer. He not only mastered playing the violoncello but learned to play various Western and indigenous instruments as well. He was a prolific composer who was not afraid to experiment with new ideas and step out of the traditional to produce some of the most innovative works of his time. He was one of the first composers to combine ethnic/native instruments with Western instruments in his works and infuse Eastern modality with Western harmony. As a pioneer whose musical ideas set a trend for other composers to follow; he completed “the triumvirate of Filipino composers”, together with Nicanor Abelardo and Francsico Santiago, and led the first nationalistic movement in Philippine music (Martinez 343). The Maestro’s early and wide exposure to various forms of performance media found him composing not only for violoncello, but also for orchestra, chamber, piano, violin, voice, theatre and choir.

Title of the text:

Antonio J. Molina Beyond Affinity

Author of the text:

Katherine Frances Valdellon Molina

Title of the journal:

musika jornal

.Url or Web Address:

http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/musika/article/view/5218

Main Idea:

The main idea of the text talks about Mr. Antinio J. Molina one of the respected musician and composer that this country has ever produced and also tell about how great he was in the field of music.

Evidence:

Their is no evidence 

Women and Education

Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights emphasizes the right of everyone to education. It further provides that: "Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit ... Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms"(United Nations [UN], 1948).1 Equal access to education by girls and boys, women and men is further elaborated in the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination (CEDAW) and in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 1995, education and training was one of the key areas of the Beijing Platform for Action (UN, 1996).

Title of the text:

Women  and Education

Author of the text:

Maria Helen F. Dayo & Jeanne Frances I. Illo

Title of the journal:

Review of women's studies

Url or Web Address:

 http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/rws/article/view/6162

Main Idea:

The main idea of this text talks about the Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that emphasizes the right of everyone to education.

Evidence:

This report was prepared by Maria Helen F. Dayo, Director, UPLB Gender Center and President of Womenís Studies Association of the Philippines (WSAP), and Jeanne Frances I. Illo, a former WSAP president and a gender evaluator of basic education programs and projects. 1 On 11 December 2011, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Declaration of Human Rights Education and Training. This Declaration stresses in Article 1, Sec. 2: ìHuman rights in education and training is essential for the promotion of universal respect for and observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, in accordance with the principles of the universality, indivisibility and Interdependence of human rightsî (UN, 2011).



We choose this article first we all know education is a very important foundation for all of us. Education can lead you to a better life or succeed in life so that our government improve articles for education like the article 26 which conclude the right of everyone in education. So education is a important thing in life cause you will gain much knowledge not only in very subjects but also about life by education our knowledge about life will be open to know or to created an overview on how life works with all the issues and problems. Education is very important to women cause they will be the one who will carry life so to protect or to get away from problems like poverty women needs education. We all know that women in 18th century women's have been criticize as week and no purpose to educate but women's prove that they were worthy and can things that men do.